Condenser motor



Jan. 21, 1936. F. J. LYDEN 2,028,230

CONDENSER MOTOR Filed Jan. 22, 1934 2 Sheefs-$heet l @2422. fr Jaw 5 ATTORNEY Patented Jan. 21, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE)- CONDENSER MOTOR Frank J. Lydon, St. Louis, Mo.

Application January 22, 1934, Serial No. 707,124

. 12 Claims. (01.172-233) This invention relates to single phase alternating current motors of the condenser type.

It is an object of this invention to provide a condenser motor which gives maximum'starting torque for a given condenser capacity by proper selection of theratio of the effective number of turns in the main phase to the eiifective number of turns in the auxiliary phase at starting.

A further object is to provide a condenser mo- 1O tor which has good running peri ormance, which has maximum quietness by rearranging the starting ratio of the efiective number of turns in the main phase to the effective number of turns in the auxiliary phase for the desired rlmning performance, and at the same time rearranging the condensers used at starting to secure the desired eiiec'tive condenser capacity at running speed.

A further object is to provide a condenser motor in which the ratio of the effective number of 30 turns in the main phase to the effective number I of turns in the auxiliary phase between the starting and-running may be changed within a wide range by means of a single pole single throw switch. 1 25 A further object is to provide a condenser motor in whichautomatic switching is obtained with extreme simplicity considering the changes accomplished with this simple type oiswitch.

A further object is to provide a condenser mo- 30 tor in which the automatic switch may be relay controlled. v

A further object is to provide a condenser motor which may be of the double voltage type with no changes in connection of the auxiliary wind- 35 ing, condensers, or control means.

Further objects will appear as the description proceeds.

Embodiments of the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, in which:'

40 Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view showing one .of the forms of the condenser type motor, suc view showing a relay switch. V

Figure 2 is a view of a further form of the motor. such view showing a centrifugal switch.

45 Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6 are schematic views showing a few oi the many modifications that may be employed. 1

Referring to Figure 1, it will be seen that the main phase is indicated by the reference charac- 50 for Land that the auxiliary phase, which is displaced approximately 90- from the main phase.

is composed oithree portions 2, 3, and I. The

portions 3 and 4 may be wound in the well known series-parallel manner, or else. the entire auxil- 55 iary winding may consist of a tapped winding.

The first end of the auxiliary winding2 is connected to 20 and the last end of the auxiliary winding 2, which is indicated at 8, is connected to a condenser I33 Part of the auxiliary winding 3 is in series with that portion indicated at 2 5 and in series with the condenser 12. The leads 8 and I are connected to the line. The other side of the condenser I2 isconnected to the switch point III. One side of the condenser I3 is connected to the other switch point 9 and also to 10 one side of the condenser 14. The other side of the condenser M is connected to the part 4 of the auxiliary winding. The condenser l5 has one side connected the-switch point Ill and the other side to the point ll. nected to the point 2|. 7

Either a relay or a centrifugal switch may be employed to automatically change from a starting to a running condition in any of the several forms of the invention. In Figure 1 a relay is shown and in Figure 2 a centrifugal switch is shown, and in the other figures merely av diagrammatic showing of a switch has been given, although it is to be distinctly understood that either form may be employed with any form of the invention.

In all forms of the inventiona squirrel cage rotor 5 will be employed but it is also possible to use a wound rotor.

Returning to Figure 1, it will be seen that the lower end of the section 3 of the auxiliary winding is connected to a condenser l2 and the upper end of the section 4 to a condenser l4. These condensers are preferably relatively; large and may be low voltage condensers as they are either in series at starting, as shown in Figure 1, or in series with smaller condensers I2 and ll during. running when the automatic switch has opened.

The relay H, which has a normally closed contact, is provided with a spring biased armature I6 carrying a contact I! which connects the points 9 and il. The relay may be either 9. current responsive relay and connected in series with the or may be a voltage responsive relay assho'wn. Its controlling or energizing coil I2 is connected between suitable points in the auxiliary phase. Any of many different points may be selected. However, as shown in Figure 1, it is connecte'd.between. the upper end of the section 2, namely, the'point 2| and the point ll.

It is to be distinctly understood that other points of connection may be selected depending upon the particular characteristics desired.

With a relay connection as shown in Figure 1,

the relay will open at a predetermined rotor. speed The point II is con .15

proved form of such a modification is shown in Figure 6.

Fundamentally it is the same as Figure l, with the exception that the condensers in Figure 1 are replaced by condenser transformer units. It is not necessary, however, to use separate cores for all four transformers as transformer 5i and 52 quent pole manner.

may be wound on the same core and transformer 53 and 54mm; be'wound on another core, re-- sultingin saving of transformer cost.

The motor shown in Figures 2, 3, and 5 can be made in a similar manner.

Regarding the method of winding of the main .phase and auxiliary phase, a tapped winding may be best but is not absolutely required. The two sections of the auxiliary winding, which are to be differently connected at'starting than at running, may be wound as tapped windings or in the usual seriesparallel manner. This latter is even possible in'the motor shown in Figure 4 where the lower section is disconnected at running and the upper section 4i would act in a conse- The same holds true for the main winding if wound in the usual series parallel way,'for double voltag It will be seen that a novel form of condenser motor'has been provided which has a very high starting torque, which has excellent running performance, which is very quiet, and in which any starting characteristic and any running characteristic desired may be secured by the proper design, as indicated hereinabove, and in which each of these characteristics may be secured without affecting or sacrificing the other'characteristic.

It is to be particularly noted that although 'a large number of turns and a large effective capacity Ior the auxiliary phase, and a smaller eifectlve number of turns and capacity are provided at starting and during running, respecunderstood as the terminals of the condenser'unit which are connected in the system.

It will be noted that this invention provides acondenser motor in which the auxiliary phase is formed of'a plurality of sections and that condenser means are provided which have a plurality of sections. These several sections are so related that in effect a four-arm bridge circuit is formed by part of the sections of the auxiliary phase and the condenser. For example, by reference to Figure 1 it is immediately seen that the section 3 and the condenser i2 form one armQand the condenser "forms another arm. The other two arms of this bridge circuit are formed by the section 4 and the condenser l4 as one arm, and the condenser is as the other arm. The automatic switch is a switch which connects to the cross-arms of the bridge. -In other words, the

switch connects on one side to the point 8, and on the other side to the point I0.

- In Figure 2 the bridge circuit is iormed of the section 25 and the condenser 21 forming one arm,- and the condenser 28 forming another arm. The Y other two arms are formed by the section 20 and the condenser 29 fornl na one arm, and the "condenser 30 forming another arm. The automatic switch connects across this bridge circuit between the points 3i and 32, l

Again, in Figure 3 the four arms of the bridge circuit are formed as follows: The section 4| and the condenser 43 form two of the arms, and the section 42 and the condenser 44 form the other two arms. The switch 38 bridges across this four-arm bridge circuit.

These illustrations of the bridge circuit do not as claimed.

I claim:

I 1. A single phase condenser motor of the class described, having two members constituting a stator and a rotor, a main phase winding for connection to a power line and an auxiliary phase winding on one of said members, said auxiliary phase winding having a plurality of sections, condenser means having a plurality of sections, a mun-arm bridge circuit formedby part of the sections of the auxiliary phase and the condenser means, each of two of the arms of the bridge circuit having at least one section of the auxiliary phase, and the other two arms each having condenser means therein, a single pole switch connected to the cross arms of the bridge, said bridge circuit constituting a part of the auxiliary phase and being connected in series with the remainder of the auxiliary phase and in parallel with the main phase, said switch, having a closed circuit and an open circuit position, said switch in closed circuit position producing one effect of the turns .of the auxiliary phase and a certain effective condenser capacity, and when in open circuit position decreasing the eflect of the turns in the auxiliary phase and the effective condenser capacity.

2. A single phase condenser motor of the class described, having two members constituting a stator and a rotor, a main phase winding for connection to a power line and an auxiliary phase winding on one of said members, said auxiliary phase winding having a plurality of sections, condenser means having a plurality of sections, a four-arm bridge circuit formed by part of the sections of the auxiliary phase and the condenser means, each of two of the arms of the bridge circuit having at least one section of the auxiliary phase, and the other two arms each having open circuit position decreasing the eflect or the turns in. the auxiliary phase and the eilective condenser capacity, said switch being automatic and opening when the rotor approximates a pred'terminedspeed.

, 3. A'single phase condenser motor of the class described, having two members constituting a stator and a rotor, a main phase winding for cwmection to a power lineand an auxiliary phase winding on one of said members, said auxiliary iliary phase when the switch occupies closed circuit position and for reducing the effect of the turns in the auxiliary phase when the switch 06-? cupies open circuit position. I

4. A single phase condenser motor of the class described, having two members constituting a CA a stator and a rotor, a main phase winding for connection to apower line and an auxiliary phase winding on one of said members, said auxiliary phase winding having a plurality of sections, condenser means having a plurality of sections, a four-arm bridge circuit formed by part of the sections of the auxiliary phase and the condenser means, each of two of the arms of the bridge circuit having at least one section of the auxiliary phase, and the other two arms each having condenser means therein, a single pole switch connected to the cross arms of the bridge, said bridge circuit constituting a part of the auxiliary phase and being connected 'n series with the remainder of the auxiliary p se and in parallel with the main phase, said switch having a closed circuit and an open circuit position, said switch in closed circuit position producing one effect of the turns of the auxiliary phase and a certain eiiective condenser capacity, and when in open circuit position decreasing the efiect of the turns in the auxiliary phase and the effective condenser capacity, thesections of the auxiliary phase winding forming the bridge circuit having the same number of turns.

5. A single phase condenser motor of the class described, having two members constituting a stator and a rotor, a mainphase winding for connection to a power line, and an auxiliary phase winding on one of said members, said aux- 1l iary phase winding having a plurality of sections, condenser means having a plurality of sections, a four-arm bridge circuit formed by part of the sections of the auxiliary phase and the condenser means, each 01 two oi' 'the arms of the bridge circuit having at least one section of the auxiliaryphase, and the other twoarms each having condenser means therein, a single pole switch connected to thecross arms of the bridge,

said bridge circuit constituting a part of the auxiliary phase and being connected in series with the remainder of the auxiliary phase and in parallel with the/main phase, said switch having a closed circuit and an open circuit position, said switch in closed circuit position producing one efiect of the turns of the auxiliary phase and a certain eflfective condenser capacity, and when in open circuit position turns in the auxiliary phase-and the efiective condenser capacity, the sections of the auxiliary phase winding forming ,the bridge circuit having 'a different number of turns. Y

6. A single phase condenser motor of the class described, having two members constituting a stator and a rotor, a main phase winding for connection to a. power line and an auxiliary phase winding on one of said members, said auxiliary phase winding "having a plurality 01' sections, condenser means having a plurality of sections, a

decreasing the effect of the four-arm bridge circuit formed by part of the sections of the auxiliary phase and the condenser means, each of two of the arms of the bridge circuit having at least one section of the auxiliary phase, and the other two arms each having con-' of the auxiliary phase and a certain 'eflective condenser capacity, and when in open circuit positionvdecreasing the effect of the turns in the auxiliary phase and the effective condenser capacity, the capacity of certain of said condensers having difierent values.

7. A single p s'e condenser motor of the class described, having two members constituting a stator and a rotor, a main phase winding ior connection-to a power line and an auxiliary phase winding on one of said members, said auxiliary phase winding having a plurality of sections, condenser means having a, plurality of sections, a four-arm bridge circuit formed by part of the sections of the auxiliary phase and the condenser means, each of two of the arms of the bridge circuit having at least one sectionof the auxiliary phase, and the other two arms each having condenser means therein, asingle 'pole switch con,-

nected to the cross arms ofthe bridge, said bridge circuit constituting a part of the auxiliary phase and being connected in series with the remainder of the auxiliary phase and in parallel with the main phase, said switch having a closed circuit and an open circuit position, said switch in closed circuit position producing one effect of the turns of the auxiliary phase and a certain eiiective condenser capacity, and when in open circuit position decreasing the effect of the turns in the auxiliary phase and the efi'ective condenser capacity, and

a condenser in series with each section of the auxilary phase forming one arm of the bridge circuit.

8. A single phase condenser motor of the class described having two members constituting a stator and a rotor, a main phase winding for connection to a power line and an auxiliary phase winding on one of said members, said auxiliary phase winding having/a plurality of sections, condenser means having a plurality of sections, a four-arm bridge circuit formed b part of the sec tions of the auxiliary phase andthecondenser means, each of two of the arms of the bridge circuit having at least one section of the auxiliary phase, and the other two arms each having con-- denser means therein, a. single pole switch connected to the cross arms of the bridge, said bridge circuit constituting a part of the auxiliary phase and being connected in series with the remainder of the auxiliary phase and in parallel with the main phase, said switch having a closed circuit and an open circuit position, said switch in closed circuit position producing one effect of the turns of the'auxiliary phase and a certain ei lective condenser capacity, and when in open "circuit position decreasing theefiect of the turns in the auxiliary phase and the efl'ective condenser capacity, and a condenser forming no portion of the bridge circult and connectedin series with the bridge circuit.

9. A single phase condensermotor of the class described, having two members constituting a stator and a rotor, a main phase winding for connection to a power line and an auxiliary phase winding on one of said members, said auxiliary phase winding having a plurality of sections, condenser means having a plurality of sections, a four-arm bridge circuit formed by part of the sections of the auxiliary phase and-the condenser means, each of two of the arms of the bridge circuit having at least one section of the auxiliary phase, and the other two arms each having condenser means therein, a single pole switch connected to the cross arms of the bridge, said bridge circuit constituting a part of the auxiliary phase and being connected in series with the remainder of the auxiliary phase and in parallel with the main phase, said switch having a closed circuit and an open circuit position, said switch in closed circuit position producing one effect of the turns of the auxiliary phase and a certain effective condenser capacity, and when in open circuit position decreasing the effect of the turns in the auxiliary phase and the effective condenser capacity, said condenser means including step-up transformers and condensers connected to the high tension side of said transformers.

10. A single phase condenser motor of the class described, having two members constituting a stator and a rotor, a main phase winding for connection to a power line and an auxiliary phase winding on one of said members, said auxiliary phase winding having a plurality of sections, condenser means having a plurality of sections, a four-arm bridge circuit formed by part of the sections of the auxiliary phase and the condenser means, each of two of the arms of the bridge circuit having at least one section of the auxiliary phase, and the other two arms each having condenser means therein, a single pole switch connected to the cross arms of the bridge, said bridge circuit constituting a part of the auxiliary phase and being connected in series with the remainder of the auxiliary phase and in parallel with the main phase, said switch having a closed circuit and an open circuit position, said switch in closed circuit position producing one effect of the turns of the auxiliary phase and a certain effective condenser capacity, and when in open circuitposition decreasing the efiect of the turns in the auxiliary phase and the effective condenser capacity, said main phase winding being formed of two portions adapted to be connected in parallel for one voltage and in series for a higher voltage.

11. A single phase condenser motor of the class described, having two members constituting a stator and a rotor, a main phase winding for connection to' a power line and an auxiliary phase winding on one of said members, said auxiliary phase winding having a plurality of sections, condenser means having a plurality of sections, a four-arm bridge circuit formed by part of the sections of the auxiliary phase and the condenser means, each of two of the arms of the bridge circuit having at least one section of the auxiliary phase, and the other two arms each having condenser means therein, a switch connected to the cross arms of the bridge, said bridge circuit constituting a part of the auxiliary phase and being connectedin series with the remainder of the auxiliary phase and in parallel with the main phase, said switch having a closed circuit and an open circuit position, said switch in one position producing one effect of the turns of the auxiliary phase and a certain effective condenser capacity,

. and when in the other position decreasing the denser means having a plurality of sections, a

four-arm bridge circuit formed by part of the sections of the auxiliary phase and the condenser means, each of two of the arms of the bridge circuit having at least one section of the auxiliary phase, and the other two arms each having condenser means therein, a switch having two positions and connected to the cross arms of said bridge for producing one efl'ect of the turns in the auxiliary phase when the switch occupies occupies the other position.

FRANK J. LYDEN.

M. NAEDER WELDING Jan. 21, 1936! Filed. March 14, 1955 

